Prior findings have demonstrated that vascular and atrial endothelial dysfunction was associated with AF via a number of different mechanisms, including the alterations in hemodynamics parameters and endothelial cell shear stress, aggravating oxidative stress, exacerbating proinflammatory agents, and down-regulation of NOS expression and NO* production in atrial endocardium
Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from the Chang Gung Memorial Foundation (CMRPG-5D0111, CMRPG2F0171, CMRPG2F0172, CMRPG2F0173, CMRPG-2G0361, CMRPG-2H0161, CRRPG2H0162, CMRPG-2J0261, CMRPG-2K0091, CORPG2N0141, CORPG2P0231, and CORPG2P0191), the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (104-2320-B-182A-013, 106-2314-B-182A-064, 107-2314-B-182A-138, 108-2320-B-182A-009-MY3, 108-2314-B-182A-027, 108-2321-B-182-003 and 109-2321-B-182-001) and the Taiwanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW110-TDU-B-212-124005, MOHW111-TDU-B-212-134005, MOHW112-TDU-B-212-144005)
FEBS Letters 584 (2010) 29212925.
Muscle injury recovery Animal research shows BPC-157 can speed up muscle healing after injury
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