Robust, randomised, placebo-controlled human trials are essentially absent for both peptides
MacDonald PE, Rorsman P (2023) Metabolic messengers: glucagon
Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are all known to increase the risk of dementia, largely due to their role in driving inflammation, vascular damage, and other long-term stressors on the brain
The body needs time to adapt to simultaneous GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon modulation
Cancer history: Growth factor-modulating peptides like Dihexa may warrant avoidance in those with cancer history, though evidence for concern remains theoretical
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