The peptide enhances granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and dermal remodeling through ERK1/2 signaling pathways
These symptoms are generally manageable, but for some, they can be severe enough to lead to discontinuation of the drug
As a reference guide, the amount my skin's faded after not using it for a year, after using it for a year straight prior to that, I know how much this stuff can permanently darken your skin and how long the tan lasts, and her current skin color is definitely indicative of her still injecting it to this day on her own to continue getting darker, or maintain how dark she is
It also can help your doctor monitor for any signs of complications of the drug, such as pancreatitis or gallstones
Cesarec et al., 2013
However, anyone who is pregnant, planning pregnancy, or has liver disease should avoid valproic acid in any form, including topical