As a growing number of studies implicate distinct microbial species in triggering intestinal inflammation, further mechanistic exploration is necessary to prove causality in neurodegenerative diseases
Medicare Advantage plans must cover B12 injections to at least the same extent as Original Medicare
1 Introduction 1.1 Relationship among gut microbiota, TMA and TMAO production, and human diseases Consolidated literature from over the last 20 years confirms the relationship between intestinal microbiota and a series of diseases ( 1.2 Biochemical mechanisms of TMA production Most of the TMA is synthesized in the intestine (colon) by the action of some anaerobic commensal gut bacteria containing choline- (or carnitine-) TMA lyase, an enzyme consisting of two units: a catalytic unit (CutC) and its activating enzyme (CutD) ( etc .), betaine, and L-carnitine and its metabolite -butyrobetaine (GBB), releasing TMA after the cleavage of the carbon (C)nitrogen (N) bond of choline/carnitine ( 1.3 Trimethylaminuria (TMAU): etiology, psychosocial impact, and incidence Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) is caused by TMA accumulation
Editor: Alix Therese Coste, Institute of Microbiology, Switzerland Received: February 11, 2014
Echouffo-Tcheugui, Elizabeth Selvin, Morgan E
Even I, a medical student and someone who gets migraine, was not aware of its approval until a few years ago
