Liver and visceral fat also decreased significantly [4]
B12 injections have been shown to support memory, mood, cognition, depression, anxiety, and certain nerve-related pain such as low back pain and post-herpetic neuralgia (shingles)
The most rational approach may view these as complementary rather than competitive -- Epitalon for periodic telomere maintenance and NAD+ for daily metabolic support, together covering more aging biology than either alone
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Epitalon also influences the neuroendocrine system by stimulating nocturnal melatonin release from the pineal gland, thereby normalizing circadian hormone rhythms in aged subjects [3]
Some Phase 3 trial sites are in Asia (REDEFINE 5, REDEFINE 6) but no regulatory approvals have been announced as of June 2026