People with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes have all shown positive weight loss and metabolic outcomes with GLP-1 therapy
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Accordingly, postbiotics should be interpreted as adjunctive nutritional strategies rather than pharmacological alternatives to GLP-1 receptor agonists, with the most plausible utility during consolidation and maintenance phases aimed at improving metabolic context and supporting long-term weight-loss sustainability ( Figure 1 Importantly, accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that certain postbiotic preparations can attenuate weight gain, reduce adiposity, and activate thermogenic pathways, including brown adipose tissue signaling, particularly in high-fat dietfed rodent models
The NP compositions markedly enhanced renal function, as seen by reduced urine concentrations of albumin and glucose
10.1038/srep28282 11 ChenD.MilacicV.ChenM