When administered therapeutically, GLP-1 receptor agonists work through several mechanisms: Enhancing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner [1] [4] Suppressing glucagon release from alpha cells, reducing hepatic glucose output Slowing gastric emptying , which helps moderate post-meal blood glucose rises Promoting satiety through central nervous system pathways, potentially supporting weight reduction Investigational transdermal GLP-1 delivery systems typically utilise specialised technologies such as microneedles or active delivery methods rather than conventional patches, as GLP-1 molecules are large peptides that do not easily penetrate the skin barrier
Effectiveness of a digital weight management program on diet quality: a randomized controlled trial
Module 2 maps the metabolic terrain hormonal status (HRT, thyroid), chronic inflammation, gut health, and micronutrient deficiencies and covers the emerging GLP-1 and HRT synergy data, including Castaneda (2025) ENDO data showing MHT users on tirzepatide lost significantly more weight at 15 months
Pena I, Clayman GL, Grubbs EG, Bergeron JM, Waguespack SG, Cabanillas ME, Dadu R, Hu MI, Fellman BM, Li Y, Gross ND, Lai SY, Sturgis EM, Zafereo ME
This means that not only is this treatment effective, it is also becoming more accessible to those looking to improve their health and wellbeing
8 Thyroid hormones play a role in brain chemistry, affecting serotonin and other neurotransmitters involved in mood