In summary, the pathogenesis of MS neuroinflammation begins with autoreactive immune cells in the periphery, proceeds through a compromised BBB that allows these cells to enter the CNS, and results in concentrated immune-mediated damage to CNS tissue (120)

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Beyond direct benefits, it functions as a bioavailability enhancer, similar to Piperine, making it valuable for stacking with other botanicals like Panax ginseng where absorption enhancement creates meaningful synergistic benefits
Contamination can arise from worn machinery parts (such as bearings or cutting blades) or damaged sieves that shed shards during the mixing, grinding and packaging phases
They also help soothe red, irritated skin associated with acne
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