Commonly Reported Side Effects Most users experience mild and temporary side effects, including: Injection site reactions Redness, swelling, or irritation at the injection site
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Free vitamin B12 then combines with intrinsic factor a substance secreted by the stomach cellswhich enables it to be absorbed from the small intestine
The enzyme NNMT normally changes nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, by using methyl groups, which lowers nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels
They are also ideal for vegans, older adults, and those with nutrient absorption issues
Learn where to self-administer a B12 shot and how to do it painlessly This article was medically reviewed by Shari Forschen, NP, MA and by wikiHow staff writer, Amber Crain