Achieving these stringent endpoints, as outlined in the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE-II) consensus ( Research into mucosal healing has highlighted pathways involving interleukin-20 (IL-20), claudin-2 (CLDN2), and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) ( Figure 1 illustrates the differences in immune cell distribution within the intestinal crypts under homeostatic conditions compared with the inflammatory microenvironments of CD and UC
These arent new compounds (the first GLP-1 was approved in 2005), but the newest versions are far more powerful
doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0566
Take our 2-minute quiz to discover your personalized program for weight loss, longevity, or metabolic health
When oxidative stress overwhelms endogenous glutathione stores, hydrogen peroxide accumulates, leading to lipid peroxidation, inner hair cell ribbon synapse breakdown, and microvascular strain within the stria vascularis
Zepbound (tirzepatide) is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved by the FDA for chronic weight management in adults with obesity (BMI 30 kg/m) or overweight (BMI 27 kg/m) with at least one weight-related comorbidity